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Concordanta timpurilor in engleza
Concordanta timpurilor in engleza
Timpul unui verb in propozitia subordonata
se schimba in functie de timpul verbului din propozitia principala.
Regulile de baza, in ceea ce priveste
concordanta timpurilor in engleza, sunt dupa cum urmeaza:
I. Daca verbul din propozitia principala este
la timpul prezent (Present Tense sau Present Perfect Tense) sau viitor, verbul din subordonata poate fi la orice
timp, in functie de sensul ce urmeaza a fi exprimat
(concordanta timpurilor in engleza cazul I)
Exemple:
He says that he
comes now.
He says that he came yesterday.
He says that he will come tomorrow.
He will say that he comes then.
He will say that he came then.
He will say that he will come then.
II. Daca timpul din propozitia principala este
la past tense, timpul din propoziţia subordonata va fi la timpul
corespunzator din trecut (concordanta timpurilor in
engleza cazul II)
Exemple:
He said that he
would come.
He told me that he had been away.
We saw that the lights had been turned off.
Exceptii:
a) Un timp la trecut in propoziţia principala poate fi urmat de un
timp la present in propoziţia subordonata, atunci cand propoziţia
subordonata exprima un adevar universal.
The teacher told us that saying the truth is always
best.
He told me that the Hindus burn their dead.
b) O propoziţie subordonata care exprima un loc, motiv sau comparaţie
poate fi la orice timp, conform sensului ce urmeaza a fi exprimat.
He didn’t get to Bucharest because he is ill.
c) Daca propoziţia subordonata este o propoziţie adjectivala, poate fi
la orice timp, dupa cum necesita sensul.
Yesterday I saw a man who plays the guitar.
Yesterday I saw a man who played the guitar in the
square.
III. De notat ca atunci cand propozitia
subordonata este introdusa prin conjunctia de schop that, se respecta
urmatoarele reguli (concordanta timpurilor in engleza
cazul III):
- Folosim may in propozitia
subordonata atunci cand propozitia principala este la present tense.
- Folosim
might in propozitia subordonata atunci cand propozitia principala este
la past tense.
I study that I may pass.
I will study that I may pass.
I studied that I might pass.
We eat that we may live.
He ate that he might not die.
IV. Daca propozitia principala este la viitor,
nu folosim timpul viitor in propozitiile subordinate care incep cu when,
until, before, after etc. (concordanta timpurilor in
engleza cazul IV) :
I will call you when dinner is ready. (NOT I will call
you when dinner will be ready.)
I shall wait until you return. (NOT I shall wait until
you will return.)
V. Expresiile ca
si as if, if only, it is time and wish that sunt de obicei urmate de
timpuri la trecut (concordanta timpurilor in engleza cazul
V).
I wish I was a bit taller.
It is time we started working.
He talks as if he knew everything.
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