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Verbele modale in engleza
Verbele modale in engleza
Verbele modale in engleza reprezinta o
categorie speciala de verbe auxiliare, utilizate pentru a exprima
sugestii, oferte, cerinte, dorinte, intentii, politete, tact. Verbe
modale in engleza sunt considerate urmatoarele: can, could, may, might,
must, ought to, would, shall, will, should.
Caracteristicile verbelelor
modale in engleza
- Verbele modale in engleza nu sunt precedate de particula "to"
- Verbele modale in engleza sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt al
verbelor de conjugat: Smoking can damage your health.
- Verbele modale in engleza cand sunt urmate de auxiliarul be
si un verb la participial present, indica o actiune
prezenta sau viitoare: She must be driving home now.
- Verbele modale in engleza atunci cand sunt urmate de auxiliarul
have si un verb la participial trecut, verbele
modale indica o actiune trecuta: She must have gotten home by
now.
- Verbele modale in engleza nu primesc terminatia "–s" la persoana a
III-a singular si nu au forma de Past Tense sau participiu prezent:
He can speak English.
- Forma interogativa, se realizeaza prin asezarea verbului modal in
fata subiectului, fara ajutorul auxiliarului do: Must I read the
book again?
- La forma negative, not sta imediat dupa verbul modal:
We must not get home late.
- Se folosesc in intrebarile disjunctive (question tags): He
can drive, can’t he?
- Atunci cand se repeta o idee, verbele modale se pot folosi fara
auxiliar: If they cannot lend me the money I’ll find someone who
can.
Verbul modal Can/could
pot exprima in limba engleza:
- o abilitate (fizica sau intelectuala): He can play the guitar
- o posibilitate: Can you join us?
- o probabilitate: It could rain today.
- o permisiune (Could este mai politicos decat Can).: You can have my CD if you want to.
- o sugestie: If you don’t have anything to do now, you can help
me cooking.
- o imposibilitate, cand avem formele de negative: It is too
late, so it cannot be Jack knocking.
Verbul modal May/might
au urmatoarele sensuri in limba engleza:
- o cerere sau permisiune: May I use your pen?
- o posibilitate: Where is your brother? – He may be playing
soccer. – He might be reading a book.
Verbul modal Must
se foloseste pentru a exprima in limba engleza:
- o necessitate, uneori un ordin: I must wash the dishes tonight.
- o certitudine: He must be very pleased with his
accomplishments.
- o presupunere: You must know him very well, since you are good
friends.
Observatie: Lipsa necesitatii impune folosirea verbelor do
not need to sau do not have to. Had to se foloseste pentru a exprima o
obligatie sau necesitate din trecut.
Verbul modal Shall/ should
Verbul modal Shall se foloseste in limba
engleza pentru:
- a exprima o hotarare: I shall visit you again.
- a cere un sfat: Where shall I go ?
- a face o oferta sau o sugestie: Shall we go to a movie
together ?
Verbul modal Should se foloseste in
limba engleza pentru:
- a exprima ce e bine si ce e rau in anumite imprejurari: Nobody
should drink and drive
- a exprima un sfat: You should really go to a doctor
- a exprima o indoiala: I think we should have enough time for
this.
- a exprima iritarea: Why should I know where you put your keys ?
- a exprima o posibilitate: You should arrive before noon.
- a face referire la un eveniment: If you should decide to come,
let us know.
- a exprima o dezaprobare cu privire la o actiune: She shouldn’t
have driven so fast.
Will/ would
Cu sensul de verb modal, will se
foloseste in urmatoarele cazuri in limba engleza:
- pentru exprimarea unei cereri: You’ll help me with dinner, won’t you?
- pentru a exprima o certitudine cu privire la o situatie din present
sau viitor: I’ll be sleeping by this time tomorrow.
- pentru exprimarea dorintei de a face ceva: I’ll have only tea.
- pentru a exprima un ordin/oferta/invitatie/amenintare: You’ll turn the
TV of right now!/He’ll wait for you in the car/Turn the radio off, or
I’ll leave the room.
- pentru a exprima un obicei sau o trasatura de character: She’ll read
the book in the garden, for very long, every day.
Would este forma de trecut a verbului
will si se foloseste astfel:
- pentru a formula cereri, oferte, invitatii: Would you like some
coffee?
- pentru a face o cerere in mod politicos: I would like to use this
machine if possible.
Verbul modal Ought
to exprima o probabilitate sau un sfat
in limba engleza.
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